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Tetanus is an extremely serious acute infectious diseases caused by Clostridium tetanus invading the human body through skin or mucosal wounds, growing and reproducing locally in the wounds and producing toxins. After entering the human body, Clostridium tetanus produces exotoxins with spasmodic and hemolytic toxicity, which are extremely toxic and can cause functional changes in […]

A bioreactor is a type of equipment widely used in life sciences and engineering, which can be used to develop and produce various biological products. With the continuous development of biotechnology, the scale and automation of bioreactors are also increasing. In this article, we will explore the technologies associated with the scale-up and automation control

Mammalian cells have been used as carriers for the production of therapeutic proteins for decades. Therapeutic proteins are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, forming a huge market. The global biopharmaceutical market was valued at USD 237.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to reach USD 389 billion by 2024, registering a

Domestic science and technology and production technology are changing with each passing day, and the sealing requirements of the biopharmaceutical industry have become more and more stringent. The coordination of the reaction tank and the mixing device is an important part of the entire production process, so the CGMP (Dynamic Drug Production Management Specifications) requirements

“Synthetic life, design life” is an important mission of synthetic biology and biomanufacturing, through on-demand design and chemical reconstruction of artificial genomes, to achieve the precise construction of artificial cell factories. At present, cell factories are faced with bottlenecks such as complex metabolic networks, lack of rational design, high cost of trial and error, and

Overview of photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation Microalgae can effectively use light energy, carbon dioxide and inorganic salts to synthesize proteins, fats and a variety of high value-added bioactive substances. Microalgae can be cultivated to produce healthy food, food additives, animal feed, biofertilizers and other natural products. The way the microalgae grow determines the importance of

Lysozyme, also known as muramasin, is an N-acetaminohydrolase, which mainly acts on the polysaccharide backbone of the cell wall peptide glycan (PG) of Gram-positive bacteria The β-1,4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylcarbamate (NAM) can lead to the rupture and death of Gram-positive bacteria. Lysozyme is also considered an antibiotic substitute due to its

Vaccination is the most important public health measure and means for the prevention and control of human infectious diseases. Intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is the most common form of vaccination that induces effective systemic immunity but provides weak mucosal immunity and is less effective in protecting some pathogens infected through mucosa. The ideal oral viral

Protein engineering is to obtain information about the physical and chemical properties and molecular properties of proteins through the study of protein chemistry, protein crystallography and protein dynamics, and on this basis, purposefully design and modify the genes encoding proteins, and obtain genetically modified organism systems that can express proteins through genetic engineering technology, which

Antagonists do not cause biological effects on their own after binding to the receptor, but block the receptor agonist-mediated effects. Antagonists can be divided into two classes based on whether they reversibly compete with agonists bound to receptors. Classify： From the perspective of distinguishing competitive antagonists from non-competitive antagonists, the effects of competitive antagonists can