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I. Progress in Vaccine R&D and Approvals Approval of New-Platform Vaccines DNA and RNA vaccines have developed very fast. These include viral vector vaccines and mRNA-LNP vaccines. Ten new viral vector vaccines have been approved since 2012. They work against diseases like Japanese encephalitis, dengue, Ebola and SARS-CoV-2. Two mRNA-LNP vaccines have also been approved. Vaccine […]

Fermentation products let us make many things. They range from basic nutrients (probiotics, collagen) to high-end drugs (insulin, semaglutide). This method uses bacteria, fungi, and engineered strains. The main good points are green efficiency and high specificity. You need to change strain screening for different products. You also need to change fermentation processes (like anaerobic/aerobic

Biological fermentation is complex. It includes microbial growth, metabolic activities and product synthesis. Mathematical models are very important tools. They help optimize these processes. They help predict working performance. They help reduce production costs. These Mathematical models change the complex biology of fermentation into clear relationships. These Mathematical models help researchers and engineers. They can do

The biopharma industry is always under pressure—they need to speed up drug development, cut manufacturing costs, make better products, and follow stricter rules. Old-school process development uses big, slow, labor-heavy experiments. These are inefficient, waste a lot of resources, and take way too long. These methods just can’t keep up anymore, not with all the

Oral GLP-1 therapies spearheaded a dramatic shift in  the global pharmaceutical market changed a lot in 2025. Eli Lilly’s Tirzepatide had sales of $36.5 billion and became the top product. Novo Nordisk’s Semaglutide had sales of $36.1 billion and was in second place. The two drugs had total sales of over $70 billion. They set

Abstract Bioreactor technology is widely used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, its development and application enabled efficient and low-cost vaccine manufacturing to meet global vaccine demand. Starting from the classification of viral vaccines and animal cell lines used in vaccine production, this paper introduces the main types of bioreactors,

When biopharmaceutical production line equipment breaks down, it can seriously damage work efficiency and product quality. There are even cases where such issues delay the supply of biopharmaceutical goods. For companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, preventing faults is therefore of great importance. Six Sigma works as a practical management method. It can provide comprehensive support

In recent years, driven by innovations in cutting-edge biotechnology and the continuous development of the industrial biotechnology industry, the role and advantages of dynamic regulation strategies have become increasingly prominent in the field of metabolic engineering. To timely balance the relationship between gene expression required for product synthesis and global metabolic levels, the introduction of

I. System Design Principle and Composition A biological process refers to the biochemical reaction carried out by a biological system inside a bioreactor. The biological system and its surrounding environment in the bioreactor form a relatively closed ecosystem. In this ecosystem, there are interactions between the biological system and environmental factors. For a biological system,

This paper studies the synthetic biomanufacturing of propionic acid. It reviews research progress in biomanufacturing in detail. It discusses metabolic engineering of propionibacteria. It also discusses pathway construction in non-native hosts. It further describes bioconversion production using Pseudomonas. The paper gives technical routes and strategies for sustainable propionic acid production. Importance of Propionic Acid and